name | Limacella pitereka | ||||||||||||||||
author | Grgur. 1997. Larger Fung. S. Austral.: 417, fig. 277(a-c). | ||||||||||||||||
name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||||||||||
MycoBank nos. | 443367 | ||||||||||||||||
GenBank nos. |
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holotypes | AD 10035 | ||||||||||||||||
intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material not directly from the protolog of the present taxon and not cited as the work of another researcher is based on collections and photographs of Tim Cannon, molecular research of L. V. Kudzma, and other original research of R. E. Tulloss. | ||||||||||||||||
pileus |
protolog: up to 60 mm wide, pure
white except for disc, with disc having "brownish
biscuity" tints approaching Tawny Olive, conico-convex to
convex or plano-convex, then expanding and nearly planar,
umbonate; context white, thin except in disc;
margin sometimes striate or "with reticulated
ribs," incurved, thin. TC/RET: Up to 40 mm wide, convex to planar (or nearly so), with pronounced umbo; context white, unchanging, 2 - 3 mm thick over stipe, very thin at margin; margin incurved at first; gluten layer translucent, orange-tan (with pinkish tint in "button" or "pin" stage) to light brown at first, brownish pigment persisting in mature material especially over disc, else very pale tan to colorless. | ||||||||||||||||
lamellae |
protolog: nearly free, adnexed or
adnate, close, cream, discoloring, narrowly ventricose,
7 mm broad, with edge slightly irregular. TC/RET: adnexed to nearly free, close, white, unchanging, with concolorous margin, up to 7 mm broad; lamellulae rounded truncate (shorter) to attenuate, plentiful, of diverse lengths, apparently evenly distributed (between every pair of otherwise adjacent lamellae). | ||||||||||||||||
stipe |
protolog: up to 62 × 15 mm (width
measured "above"), white, sometimes becoming slightly
brownish, cylindric or narrowing downward with obconic
rooting base, indistinctly longitudinally striate;
bulb lacking?; context solid, stuffed, or
slightly hollow; exannulate; gluten layer
present. TC/RET: up to 50 × 7 mm, cylindric, often significantly flattened in apical region, white to cream, unchanging; bulb ??; context ??; annular zone ??; gluten layer sheathing below last point of contact between pileus and stipe, palely concolorous with gluten of pileus or colorless. | ||||||||||||||||
odor/taste |
protolog: Odor not
distinctive. Taste not distinctive,
"though leaves...dry sensation in mouth." Odor indistinct or absent. Taste not recorded. | ||||||||||||||||
macrochemical tests |
none recorded. | ||||||||||||||||
pileus context | not described. | ||||||||||||||||
lamella trama | from protolog: "inverse." [Note: Perhaps this is in error. Inverse lamella trama would exclude this species from the Amanitaceae.—ed.] | ||||||||||||||||
subhymenium | not described. | ||||||||||||||||
basidia | from protolog: [25/-/4] 26 - 44 × 6.7 -9.6 μm, with avg. length = 33 μm, with avg. width = 7.5 μm, 4-sterigmate, with sterigmata up to 4.0 μm long; clamps present. | ||||||||||||||||
gluten layer |
protolog: "trichodermal
palisade of filamentous hyphae, [37/-/2] 2.6 - 5.6 μm
wide, with avg. width = 3.7 μm, often with subcapitate
apices, palisade flattened in places"; clamps
present. CRC: On pileus: filamentous undifferentiated hyphae supporting gluten pile 2.5 - ?? μm wide in non-terminal segments, at first vertically aligned in uppermost segments (as whole, turf-like), then curving downward (or more extensively collapsing) singly or in fascicles, extensively branching, gelatinizing with age; tip cells [16/2/1] 31 - 65 × 1.5 - 2.5 (-3.5) μm, dominantly of constant width or very slightly narrowing upward, rounded at apex, infrequently with slight ellipsoid inflation at apex, with basal septa of tip cells 1.9 - 3.5 (-5.0) μm wide, with length/tip-width ratio 10.3 - 28 (-32) μm (mean, 18.1 μm); clamps abundant, present at nearly all septa of uppermost segments, prominent. On stipe: ??. | ||||||||||||||||
stipe context | not described. | ||||||||||||||||
partial veil | absent. | ||||||||||||||||
lamella edge tissue | RET: fertile. | ||||||||||||||||
basidiospores |
protolog: [116/-/12] 4.8 - 8.0 ×
3.8 - 5.4 μm, (L' = 5.7 μm; W' = 4.5 μm;
est. Q = 1.19 - 1.47;
Q' = 1.3), broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid;
apiculus prominent, obtuse, sublateral
[per figure], cylindric [per figure]; contents not
described; white in deposit. [Note: The
author doesn't supply a range of Q values; however, RET
measured the eight spores shown in lateral view in
(Grgurinovic 1997: fig. 277a) in order to compute a
reasonable (but probably restricted) range of Q provided
above. We evaluated the Amanita spore
length and width ranges from (Grgurinovic 1997) in
comparison to comparable data published by other
authors and often based on revision of the same
specimens. This experiment involved a total of
19 descriptions of a total of 13 species from the work
of 3 authors. In a range of the form "x - y" of
spore length (width) from (Grgurinovic
1997) compared
to a range of the form (a-) b - c (-d) of spore length
(width) in the other works, the value of "y" was
compared to the value of "c" as a ratio. In the
case of spore length ranges, on average (per author),
the ratio y/c ranged from 1.06 - 1.10 (possibly due to
the non-segregation of a "d" value in the ranges of
concern). In the case of spore width ranges, on
average (per author), the ratio ranged from 1.14 - 1.23
(indicating the probability of compounding causes at
play—possibly, the absence of the "d" value in the
ranges of concern and failure to restrict spore
measurement to spores strictly presenting in lateral
view). The above sporograph is based on possibly
problematic data and estimations derived from that
data.—ed.] RET/CRC: [40/2/1] (4.6-) 4.8 - 6.5 (-8.0) × (3.3-) 3.5 - 4.9 (-5.5) μm, (L = 5.5 - 5.6 μm; L' = 5.5 μm; W = 4.0 - 4.3 μm; W' = 4.1 μm; Q = (1.12-) 1.16 - 1.56 (-1.57); Q = 1.30 - 1.38; Q' = 1.34), hyaline, colorless, thin-walled, smooth or infrequently minutely verruculose; broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, sometimes expanded at one end, adaxially flattened; apiculus sublateral, cylindric, occasionally proportionately large; contents granular to mono- or multiguttulate with or without additional small granules; white in deposit. | ||||||||||||||||
ecology |
protolog: Scattered to
gregarious. Terrestrial, "often under
eucalypt (e.g., Eucalyptus odorata Behr), once
under Senecio." RET: Solitary or subcespitose (in small groups). At 193± m elev. On rocky clay soil with thin humus layer in area extensively disturbed by 19th Cent. gold mining in open sclerophyll woodland of Box-Ironbark forest with Eucalyptus spp. dominant (e.g., E. tricarpa, E. melliodora, E. microcarpa) and sparse understory dominated by Cassinia scrub. [Note: The climate is Mediterranean—with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters (generally in the low teens (°C) with common overnight frosts).] | ||||||||||||||||
material examined |
protoype: AUSTRALIA: SOUTH
AUSTRALIA—Unkn. LGA - Adelaide, Greenhill Rd.,
TC/RET: AUSTRALIA: VICTORIA—Central Goldfields Shire - Bromley | ||||||||||||||||
discussion |
The description of the lamella trama as "inverse" casts
doubt on the placement of this entity in the
Amanitaceae. On the other hand,
(Grgurinovic 1997: fig. 277c) appears to depict the slime
supporting hyphae of a Limacella pileus and genetic
comparisons place this species clearly in Limacella
section Lubricae. This spores of this taxon seem comparable to Limacella sp-CMP0152 and L. sp-Tulloss-8-31-94-E although the spores of the present entity can be larger and proportionately more narrow. A sporograph comparison of spore size and shape of the three possible taxa is provided in the following figure: The present entity also has a proportionately shorter stipe and a more sordid tone to the center of the pileus disc than have been seen in the two numbered taxa from North American. Although study is just beginning it would appear that the gluten supporting hyphae on the pileus may be narrower in the present entity than in the two North American taxa. Also, the North American material does not usually develop such a pronounced umbo as is seen in the present species. nrITS and nrLSU sequences have been obtained from the present taxon. a rough distance matrix based on rough edits of the nrLSU sequences of all samples of the temporary codes listed above show that pairwise genetic distance between samples ranged from 0% to less that 0.6%. Genetic distance between the nrLSU of the present species and all available sequences of the two North American taxa ranges from 1.8% to 2.3%. This suggests that the present taxon is distinct from the North American entities (even though it may be sister to the North American taxon or group). Dr. Tom May (Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) was first to suggest (here) that L. pitereka as the correct determination for this material. TC has found material apparently assignable to the present taxon at a second open sclerophyll woodland site (see photographs of this uncollected material at www.mushroomobserver.org/65108) and in a Pinus radiata plantation at Moonlight Flat (ca. Castlemaine), Victoria. | ||||||||||||||||
citations | —R. E. Tulloss, C. Rodríguez Caycedo, and T. Cannon | ||||||||||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||||||||||
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name | Limacella pitereka |
name status | nomen acceptum |
author | Grgur. |
images | |
photo | Tim Cannon - (1-3) Bromley, Victoria, Australia. (RET 496-5) [Note: The reader can view the full-size original photographs on mushroomobserver.org here. |
Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.