Amanita murinoflammeum

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name	Amanita murinoflammeum
name status	nomen acceptum
author	Tulloss, A. M. Young & A. E. Wood
english name	"Gray Bridal Veil Amanita"
images	1. Amanita murinoflammeum 2. Amanita murinoflammeum
intro	Amanita murinoflammeum was originally believed to be a species of a group that would currently be placed in Amanita sect. Caesareae. As yet unpublished molecular results (J.-M. Moncalvo, pers. corresp.) provoked a re-evaluation; and both molecular and morphological data show that this taxon should be placed in sect. Amanita.
cap	Its cap is 85 - 140 mm wide, light reddish brown when young, becoming light brown, when expanded, having margin with short striations (length about 15% of radius). The volva may be absent from the cap or present as whitish to pale gray warts, becoming darker gray with age.
gills	The gills are free to adnexed, close, off-white with a faint yellow or cream tint at first; lamellulae are more or less truncate, plentiful, of varying length, and between every pair of lamellae in some basidiomes.
stem	The stem is 80 - 110 × 15 - 30 mm, cylindric or slightly narrowing upward or broadest at midpoint, white, with rosy tints (especially near apex), and has a membranous to submembranous or felted, skirt-like, superior to submedian to subinferior annulus that is white on top at first with a narrow gray line around the edge and gray on its under surface; eventually the annulus collapses and becomes brownish gray on the upper surface from the edge inward. On the stem's base, there is a submembranous volva; it is whitish at first and becomes gray at maturity. The volva is easily broken and may be distributed in various fragmentary forms over the lower stipe as well as appearing sack-like in some specimens. The distance from the stem's base to the top of highest patch of volva is 28 - 43 mm.
odor/taste	The odor and taste of this species have not been recorded.
spores	The spores of this species measure (9.3-) 10.4 - 13.2 (-16.5) × (7.0-) 8.2 - 10.8 (-14.8) µm and are subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid (infrequently elongate) and inamyloid. Clamps are common and prominent at bases of basidia.
discussion	The species is known from eastern Australia (southern Queensland to the Australian Capital Territory). It occurs in dry forests with Eucalyptus and Acacia. Among the named taxa of eastern Australia, the most similar taxon appears to be A. umbrinella E. J. Gilbert & Cleland. The reader may also want to compare the small group of taxa similar to A. merxmuelleri Bresinsky & Garrido of South American Nothofagus forest.—R. E. Tulloss
brief editors	RET

name

Amanita murinoflammeum

author

Tulloss, A. M. Young & A. E. Wood. 1995. Mycotaxon 56: 295, figs. 1-4.

name status

nomen acceptum

english name

"Gray Bridal Veil Amanita"

etymology

murinus, mouse gray + flammeum, bridal veil. the form of this epithet is that of a noun phrase in apposition.

MycoBank nos.

412393

GenBank nos.

Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages. These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.

accession	locus	voucher	source
HQ539711	nrLSU	24.iii.1992 H. Streimann 49379 (CBG, n.v.; paratype, NY 66697; TAA, n.v.)	B. Wolfe et al., Pringle Lab., Harvard
HQ539815	nrSSU	24.iii.1992 H. Streimann 49379 (CBG, n.v.; paratype, NY 66697; TAA, n.v.)	B. Wolfe et al., Pringle Lab., Harvard
HQ540023	mtLSU	24.iii.1992 H. Streimann 49379 (CBG, n.v.; paratype, NY 66697; TAA, n.v.)	B. Wolfe et al., Pringle Lab., Harvard
HQ539922	mtSSU	24.iii.1992 H. Streimann 49379 (CBG, n.v.; paratype, NY 66697; TAA, n.v.)	B. Wolfe et al., Pringle Lab., Harvard
JF707935	GH family 3 β-glucosidase gene	24.iii.1992 H. Streimann 49379 (CBG, n.v.; paratype, NY 66697; TAA, n.v.)	B. Wolfe et al., Pringle Lab., Harvard

holotypes

BRIP; isotypes in herb. A. M. Young, RET

intro

The following text may make multiple use of each data field.

The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material.

The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate.

Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain.

The following material not directly from the protolog of the present taxon and not cited as the work of another researcher is based on original research by R. E. Tulloss.

from protolog: Basidiomes medium-sized to larg, often robust.

pileus

from protolog: 85 - 140 mm wide, light reddish brown [8D3, near Drab (10YR 5.5/3.o)] when young, becoming light brown (6D4) when expanded, virgate (10× lens), at first subhemispheric to convex (often with flattened disc), becoming nearly planar with decurved margin, slightly viscid when moist; context mostly white, reddish brown just below pileipellis, not changing when cut or bruised, 10 - 11.5 mm thick at stipe, thinning evenly to margin; margin short striate (0.15R), nonappendiculate; universal veil absent or present as whitish to pale gray warts, becoming darker gray with age, irregular, at times confluent over disc; pileipellis peeling rather easily up to two-thirds of radius (even in exsiccata).

lamellae

from protolog: free to adnexed with decurrent line on apex of stipe, close, off-white with faint yellow or cream tint at first, somewhat sordid pale tan (5B5) or darker in exsiccata, with edges white and finely fimbriate (10× lens); lamellulae truncate to rounded truncate, plentiful, of diverse lengths, between every pair of lamellae in some basidiomes.

stipe

from protolog: 80 - 110 × 15 - 30 mm, white, with rosy tints (especially near apex), cylindric or slightly narrowing upward or broadest at mid-point, often striate for 20 mm or more at apex; bulb short and rather narrow at maturity (per figure); context± mm wide; partial veil membranous to submembranous or felted, skirt-like, superior to submedian to subinferior, at first white and striate above with narrow gray line around edge and gray below, eventually collapsing on stipe and becoming brownish gray above from edge inward; universal veil disposed as one or more flaring short limbs or like inverted inferior partial veil or as isolated patches or in incomplete ring on lower stipe, whitish, becoming gray at maturity, submembranous, rather friable, with distance from stipe base to upper tip of highest patch or limb 28 - 43 mm, with limbus internus not discernible in materila revised.

odor/taste

not recorded.

macrochemical
tests

none recorded.

pileipellis

from protolog: 25 - 50 μm thick, yellow-brown except for gelatinized surface, color continuing somewhat into pileus context; filamentous undifferentiated hyphae 1.8 - 8.8 μm wide, branching,dominantly subradially arranged, interwoven, partially to totally gelatinized only at surface, with intracellular pigment; vascular hyphae 2.5 - 10.0 μm wide, common to plentiful in and just below gelatinized region, not themselves gelatinized, locally tangled in "knots," often colied like overstretched springs, occasionally branching, with many radially arranged, but with many others not so.

pileus context

from protolog: filamentous undifferentiated hyphae 2.0 - 15.5 μm wide, loosely interwoven, often fasciculate; acrophysalides plentiful, thin-walled, fusiform-ellipsoid to clavate to broadly ellipsoid to subpyriform, up to 101 × 53 μm; other inflated cells in chains, slightly inflated, with constrictions at septa, occurring near attachment of lamellae, sometimes with chains having short branch chains; vascular hyphae 2.0 - 6.5 μm wide, branching.

lamella trama

from protolog: bilateral, divergent; w_cs = 35 - 50 μm (good rehydration); central stratum relatively narrow, with angle of divergence of inflated cells of subhymenial base often shallow at first, around 10 - 30°, then curving so that elements approach subhymenium at angle of about 60° to central stratum; filamentous undifferentiated hyphae 1.5 - 11.5 μm wide, branching; divergent, terminal inflated cells not observed; inflated cells of subhymenial base subglobose to ellipsoid to clavate to fusiform to allantoid (up to 55 × 32 μm), thin-walled, with single cell infrequently reaching from central stratum to base of basidia; vascular hyphae 7.0 - 10.2 μm wide, not common.

subhymenium

from protolog: w_st-near = 55 - 65 μm (very good rehydration); w_st-far = 70 - 90 μm (very good rehydration); with basidia arising from uninflated or barely inflated hyphal segments or (occasionally) from small inflated cells, with elements arranged in occasionally branching structure, with longest axes of elements becoming perpendicular to central stratum one or two hyphal segments base of basidium; clamps relatively ommon and easily seen.

basidia

from protolog: 47 - 80 × (4.2-) 9.5 - 16.5 μm, thin-walled, dominantly 4-, but also 1- and 2-sterigmate; clamps common, prominent.

universal veil

from protolog: On pileus, base of wart: filamentous undifferentiated hyphae 1.8 - 10.0 μm wide, frequently branching, dominant, in fascicles or not, with some elements partially gelatinized, with walls slightly thickened and often yellowish; inflated cells scattered, locally in clusters, often sordid to brown tinted, terminal singly or in short chains, cylindric to fusiform to clavate (up to 95 × 25 μm) or ellipsoid to ovoid to subglobose (up to 62 × 45 μm), with walls slightly thickened or up to 0.8 μm thick; vascular hyphae 3.0 - 11.0 μm wide, plentiful to locally dominant, branching; clamps plentiful, prominent. On lower stipe, exterior surface: gelatinized and yellow-orange at surface; filamentous undifferentiated hyphae 2.1 - 10.5 μm wide, branching, many longitudinally oriented, often in fascicles; inflated cells scarce, elongate to ellipsoid to subglobose, up to 52 × 50 μm, with walls up to 1.4 μm thick; vascular hyphae 2.1 - 4.6 μm wide, uncommon, occasionally in knot locally; clamps plentiful. On lower stipe, interior: filamentous undifferentiated hyphae 1.2 - 2.6 μm wide, plentiful to locally dominant, branching, occasionally with yellowish subrefractive walls, sometimes in fascicles (loosely to quite densely interwoven), with those of greater diameter having thicker walls (up to 0.7 μm thick), with intercalary segments occasionaly subventricose (e.g., 7.0 μm wide near ends, with maximum width 38 μm); inflated cells scattered, locally clustered (locallly dominant), with walls thin or up to 0.8 μm thick, most frequently terminal singly, also in short terminal chains, usually hyaline, occasionally with distinct brown tint, subglobose to subpyriform to ovoid to ellipsoid to broadly fusiform to broadly clavate to narrowly clavate, up to 97 × 78 μm; vascular hyphae 2.2 - 4.8 μm, branching infrequently, slightly sordid yellow, scarce; clamps plentiful, prominent. On lower stipe, inner surface: denser than interior and with larger proportion of filamentous undifferentiated hyphae (largely sublongitudinally oriented), partially to extensively gelatinized.

stipe context

from protolog: longitudinally acrophysalidic; filamentous undifferentiated hyphae 2.0 - 11.9 μm wide, branching, with rather large number of side branches not longitudinally oriented, with walls up to 0.8 μm thick; acrophysalides dominant, fusiform-ellipsoid to ventricose-rostrate to narrowly clavate to narrowly ovoid, sometimes subtended by a single similar inflated cell or by chain of two such cells with contricted intervening septa, up to 292 × 63 μm, with walls 0.8 - 1.4 μm thick; vascular hyphae 4.2 - 10.5 μm wide, branching, scarce to scattered; clamps common on hyphae of widely varying diameters.

partial veil

from protolog: filamentous undifferentiated hyphae 1.2 - 7.2 μm wide, dominant, dominantly radially oriented, branching, occasionally anastomosing, sometimes with slightly inflated intercalary segments, with walls up to 0.5 μm thick; inflated cells terminal, narrowly clavate to clavate, up to 71 × 21 μm, with walls thin or up to 0.8 μm thick; vascular hyphae 1.0 - 4.0 μm wide, infrequent; clamps plentiful, yellowish when on yellowish hyphae.

lamella edge tissue

not described.

basidiospores

send to graphing tool

from protolog: [121/6/2] (9.8-) 10.5 - 13.2 (-16.5) × (7.0-) 8.2 - 11.0 (-14.8) μm, (L = 11.4 - 12.6 μm; L’ = 11.9 μm; W = 8.4 - 10.2 μm; W’ = 9.3 μm; Q = (1.10-) 1.15 - 1.47 (-1.65); Q = 1.21 - 1.43; Q’ = 1.29), hyaline, colorless, thin-walled, smooth, inamyloid, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, occasionally subglobose, often at least somewhat adaxially flattened (especially when Q of spore is above Q'); apiculus sublateral, truncate-conic, realtively prominent; contents monoguttulate; white in deposit.

ecology

from protolog: Scattered. Ausralian Capital Territory: On semi-shaded ground in severely disturbed, dry, sclerophyll forest on gentle slope with Eucalyptus mannifera Mudie, E. polyanthemos Shaer., Bursaria spinosa Cav., and Acacia dealbata Link. Queensland: scattered in short grass of open woodland under Eucalyptus sp.

material examined

from protolog: AUSTRALIA: AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY—Canberra, btwn. Australian Nat. Bot. Gardens and CSIRO, 24.iii.1992 H. Streimann 49379 (CBG, n.v.; paratype, NY 66697; TAA, n.v.). QUEENSLAND—Nanango Shire - Blackbutt, 5.i.1991 A. M. Young 1601 (holotype, BRIP 17362; isotype, in herb. A. M. Young; isotype, RET 003-4)

discussion

Originally, this species was placed in section Vaginatae sensu Bas (1969)—in a group that would now be assigned to section Caesareae. It has become clear, especially from molecular evidence (J.-P. Moncalvo, unpub. data) that this entity belongs to a probably near-basal grouping within section Amanita—as it is presented on this site. For this reason, the discussion from the protolog is no longer relevant.

The closest Australian species appears to be A. umbrinella. The editors are seeking information about, and collections of, the latter.

citations

—R. E. Tulloss

editors

RET

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name	Amanita murinoflammeum
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