Amanita fritillaria - Amanitaceae.org - Taxonomy and Morphology of Amanita and Limacella

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name	Amanita fritillaria var. fritillaria
name status	nomen acceptum
author	(Berk.) Sacc.
english name	"Fritillary Amanita"
images	1. Amanita fritillaria, China.
cap	Fruiting bodies of Amanita fritillaria are small to medium-sized, sometimes large. The cap is 40 - 100 (-120) mm wide, convex to applanate, greyish, brownish grey to brownish, darker over disc, innately fibrillose, and densely covered with dark grey to blackish, farinose, verrucose to felty volval remnants; the cap's margin is smooth and non-appendiculate; and the flesh is white.
gills	The gills are free, crowded, and white; the short gills are attenuate.
stem	The stem is 50 - 100 × 6 - 15 mm, subcylindric or attenuate upwards, with a surface that is white to dirty white and covered with greyish to grey squamules; the stipe's basal bulb is 10 - 25 (-30) mm wide, subglobose to ventricose, and has its upper part covered with dark grey to blackish, verrucose, floccose to farinose volval remnants. The ring is membranous, with an upper surface that is whitish to greyish to grey and a lower surface that is greyish to grey, or sometimes brownish.
spores	The spores measure 7.0 - 9.0 (-12.0) × (5.0-) 5.5 - 7.0 (-8.5) µm and are broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid and amyloid. Clamps are not present at the bases of basidia.
discussion	This species was originally described from India. It is widely distributed in China and also reported from Singapore.—Zhu L. Yang
brief editors	RET

name

Amanita fritillaria var. fritillaria

author

(Berk.) Sacc. 1891a. Syll. Fung. 9: 2.

name status

nomen acceptum

english name

"Fritillary Amanita"

synonyms

≡Agaricus (Amanita) fritillarius Berk. 1852. Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 97.

≡Amanitopsis fritillaria (Berk.) Sacc. 1887. Syll. Fung. 5: 26.

≡Pseudofarinaceus fritillarius(Berk.) Kuntze. 1891. Rev. Gen. Plant. 2: 868.

≡Vaginata fritillaria (Berk.) Kuntze. 1898. Rev. Gen. Plant. 3(2): 539.

?=Amanita pseudofulva Y. S. Kim et al. nom. inval. 1993. Proc. Korea-China Joint Seminar Mycol. 1: 122-123, fig. [unnumbered, pp. 126-127](a-g). [Lacking Latin diagnosis. ICBN §36.1]

[See also Amanita spissacea S. Imai.]

The editors of this site owe a great debt to Dr. Cornelis Bas whose famous cigar box files of Amanita nomenclatural information gathered over three or more decades were made available to RET for computerization and make up the lion's share of the nomenclatural information presented on this site.

MycoBank nos.

212640, 215887, 158479

GenBank nos.

Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages. These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.

accession	locus	voucher	source
AY436457	nrITS	(HKAS 38331)	Zhang et al. (2004), Key Lab. Biodivers. Biogeogr., Kunming Inst. Bot., Yunnan, China

holotypes

revisions

Corner and Bas. 1962. Persoonia 2: 265, pl. 3c, figs. 21-23.
Z. L. Yang. 1997. Biblioth. Mycol. 170: 196, figs. 164, 166-167.
Z. L. Yang. 2000. Mycotaxon 75: 120-121.
Z. L. Yang, T. H. Li and X. L. Wu. 2001. Fungal Diversity 6: 151-152.
Z. L. Yang. 2002a. Mycotaxon 83: 68-69.

intro

The following text may make multiple use of each data field.

The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material.

The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate.

Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain.

The following material not directly from the protolog of the present taxon and not cited as the work of Dr. Z. L. Yang or another researcher is based upon original research by R. E. Tulloss.

NOTE: Spore measurements from papers by Z. L. Yang use his "Times New Roman" face for "Q" and "Q'"—respectively, "Q" and "Q."

odor/taste

not recorded.

macrochemical
tests

none recorded.

basidia

RET: clamps not observed.

basidiospores

send to graphing tool

type study in Corner & Bas (1962): [-/-/-] 7.4 - 8.6 × 5.6 - 7.0 µm, (Q = 1.2 - 1.5; Q = 1.3 - 1.35), smooth (per figure), amyloid, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, adaxially flattened (per figure); apiculus sublateral (per figure); contents not recorded; color in deposit not recorded.

Yang (1997): [395/23/17] 7.0 - 9.0 (-12.0) × 5.5 - 7.7 (-8.5) μm, (Q = (1.03-) 1.18 - 1.40 (-1.54); Q = 1.28 ± 0.07), broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, amyloid, colorless, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled; apiculus small.

Yang (2000): [80/6/5] (6.0-) 6.5 - 8.0 (-9.0) × (5.0-) 5.5 - 6.5 (-7.5) μm, (Q = (1.08-) 1.11 - 1.36 (-1.45); Q = 1.25 ± 0.08), hyaline, colorless, smooth, thin-walled, amyloid, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, rarely subglobose.

Yang et al. (2001): [50/3/3] 7.0 - 9.0 × (5.0-) 6.0 - 7.5 (-8.5) μm, (Q = (1.0-) 1.08 - 1.36 (-1.40); Q = 1.22 ± 0.09), broadly ellipsoid, occasionally subglobose or ellipsoid, rarely globose, colorless, hyaline, thin-walled, amyloid.

Yang (2002a): [20/1/1] 7.0 - 8.5 × (5.5-) 6.0 - 6.5 μm, (Q = 1.16 - 1.30 (-1.34); Q' = 1.24 ± 0.06), hyaline, colorless, smooth, thin-walled, amyloid, broadly ellipsoid, rarely ellipsoid; apiculus proportionately small; contents not recorded; color in deposit not recorded.

RET (from Indian material): [60/3/2] (6.8-) 7.2 - 9.5 (-11.0) × (5.5-) 6.0 - 8.0 (-8.5) μm, (L = 7.8 - 8.8 μm; L' = 8.2 μm; W = 6.4 - 6.7 μm; W' = 6.6 μm; Q = (1.05-) 1.14 - 1.39 (-1.51); Q = 1.19 - 1.32; Q' = 1.24), colorless, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, amyloid to strongly amyloid, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, infrequently globose, sometimes expanded at one end, often adaxially flattened; apiculus sublateral to subapical, truncate-conic, proportionately small; contents monoguttulate; color in deposit not reported.

ecology

Solitary or in small groups or gregarious. China: At 650 - 2800 m elev. In coniferous and broadleaved forests with Pinus spp. (e.g., P. yunnanensis and P. kesiya var. langbianensis) and members of the Fagaceae. Himachal Pradesh, India: At 1600 m elev. In mixed forest including Cornus capitata, Pinus roxburghii, P. wallichiana, Quercus incana, and Rhododendrom arboreum. Uttarakhand, India: On humicolous soil, under Cedrus deodara, with other nearby trees including Q. leucotricophora and R. arboreum.

material examined

from Corner & Bas (1962): INDIA: ASSAM—Khasia,former colonial region, 18.ix.1850 Pomranz 35 (holotype, in herb. Hooker => K).

from Yang (1997): CHINA: GUIZHOU—Tongren Prefecture - Jiangkou Co., Heiwanhe, 2.vii.1988 Z. L. Yang 71 (HKAS 20713). SICHUAN—Chengdu (prefecture level) City - Pujiang Co., Datang, 25.vi.1985 M. S. Yuan 1007 (HKAS 15840); 5.ix.1986 M. S. Yuan 1291 (HKAS 18253). Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture - Unkn. Co., Gonggashan, [parts in each of three counties—Kanding, Luding, and Jiulong], 17.vii.1982 Y. Xuan s.n. (HKAS 9753). Guangyuan (prefecture level) City - Qingchuan Co., Xinguang, 5.ix.1985 M. S. Yuan 1076 (HKAS 15899). YUNNAN—Baoshan (prefecture level) City - Changning Co., unkn. loc., 26.viii.1991 K. K. Chen 232 (HKAS 23554). Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture - Lufeng Co., Yongyuan, 4.vii.1978 Shengfangzhan 786073 (HKAS 4489). Kunming (prefecture level) City - Unkn. Distr., Dapuji, 11.viii.1941 C. C. Cheo 8173 (HMAS 4173), 20.vii.1942 W. F. Chiu 8170 (HMAS 4170); Unkn. Distr., Jindian, 11.vii.1991 K. K. Chen 181 (HKAS 23387), 4.viii.1995 M. Wang 5 (HKAS 32512); Unkn. Distr., Yu Quan Gong Yuan (Jade Spring Pk.), Heilongtan (Black Dragon Pool) [25°08'40" N/ 102°44'57" E, 2000 m], 19.vii.1991 Z. L. Yang 1096 (HKAS 24845); Xishan Distr., unkn. loc., 11.vii.1976 M. Zang 2708 (HKAS 3490). Pu'er Prefecture - Jingdong Yi Autonomous Co., Fenghuangshan, 25.viii.1991 G. Song 303 (HKAS 24174), 304 (HKAS 24172), 25.viii.1991 Z. L. Yang 1634 (HKAS 24195); Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous Co., Yongpiang, 22.viii.1991 Z. L. Yang 1623 (HKAS 24178).

from Yang (2000): CHINA: JIANGSU—Nanjing (sub-provincial) City - former city of Nanjing, Linggusi, 24.v.1936 S. H. Ou 176 (formerly "IBN 1246"; BPI 750996, CUP-CH 152, as "A. spissa"); former city of Nanjing, Linggusi woods, 28.vi.1936 H. N. Shen 308 (formerly "IBN 2098"; BPI 750870, as "A. spreta"); former city of Nanjing, unkn. loc., 22.vi.1933 S. C. Teng 2437 (formerly "IBN 5483"; BPI 750990 & 750999, as "A. spissa"), 12.vii.1936 K. L. Teng 2452 (formerly "IBN 5787"; BPI 750995 & 751047, as "A. spissa"), 6.vii.1937 S. C. Li 230 (formerly "IBN" s.n.; BPI 750871, as "A. spissa").

from Yang (2001): CHINA: HAINAN—Changjiang Li Autonomous Co. - Bawangling, 24.v.1988 G. Y. Zheng s.n. (HMIGD 14591, as "Amanita spissacea in Bi et al. (1997)). Ledong Li Autonomous Co. - Jianfengling, 3.ix.1999 X. L. Wu 11 (HKAS 34101), 20.viii.1999 M. S. Yuan 4354 (HKAS 34563).

from Yang (2002a): CHINA: JILIN—Baishan (prefecture level) City - Fusong Co., Mt. Changbai, s.d. Z. X. Xie 8200755 (IFP).

Zhang et al. (2004): CHINA: YUNNAN—Unkn. loc., s.d. unkn. coll. s.d. (HKAS 38331).

RET: INDIA: HIMACHAL PRADESH—Shimla Distr. - Chadwick Fall, 28.vii.1984 T. N. Lakhanpal & A. Kumar s.n. (BPI 71981; HPUB 1140, as “Amanita berkeleyi”). UTTARAKHAND—Garhwal - Pauri Distr., Dandapani, 20.viii.1993 V. K. Bhatt & R. P. Bhatt s.n. (GUH M-20055, as “A. rubescens”: RET 300-1).

discussion

Corner and Bas (1962): "Eaten with relish and immediately on sight by monkeys. The director of the Kew Herbarium kindly enabled us to study the type specimen of A. fritillaria.... It is a dried, half specimen with many, small blackish remnants of the volva on the brown pileus. These remnants are more or less conical over the center of the pileus and pass via flattened conical warts into smaller patches near the margin. Warts and patches appear to consist of erect chains of mainly ellipsoid, dark brown cells, similar to those in the Malayan material described [as A. fritillaria f. malayensis]..., but somewhat smaller. There is no striking difference in structure of the volva between the Malayan and the Indian material.

"The base of the stipe of the type is incomplete, and neither Berkeley’s description nor J. D. Hooker’s watercolor drawing (of which recently a copy was presented to the Rijksherbarium, Leiden) provide any information about the remnants of the volva at the base of the stipe.

"The upper part of the cuticle of the type consists of gelatinized, thin, radial hyphae. The spores (Corner and Bas (1962): Fig. 23) are amyloid and of about the same size as those of the collection from Singapore [A. fritillaria f. malayensis], but more ellipsoid, viz. 7.4 - 8.6 × 5.6 - 7.0 µ and broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid (length-breadth ratio 1.2 - 1.5, average 1.3 - 1.35).

"Judging from Hooker’s drawing, the pileus of the type was rather pale, gray, the stipe pale gray, and streaked with dark gray, and the ring gray and striate.

"From the foregoing it is clear that the up till now insufficiently known A. fritillaria belongs to section Validae and is very similar to Corner’s ’Amanita 5b‘. ....

"From A. pilosella Corner & Bas, the present species differs by the viscid cuticle without hair-like elements and the larger size.

"Amanita spissacea Imai from Japan is very similar, but seems to have a more floccose stipe and flat and larger patches on the pileus. Moreover, the remnants of the volva on the base of the stipe are powdery.

"Compare also the species, Amanita species 1 [on this site Amanita sp-Corner-&-Bas-1], which may be another form or variety of A. fritillaria."

This taxon was originally described from what is now the state of Assam, India. It is now known also from China and other northern states of Indian.

Yang (1997) considered this very similar to, if not identical to A. spissacea of Japan.

citations

—Zhu L. Yang and R. E. Tulloss

editors

RET

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Spore data for collections
provisionally identified as: Amanita fritillaria var. fritillaria (Berk.) Sacc.

Spore data sets and their composite

Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.

basidiospore definition

Spore Measurements by Collection

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name	Amanita fritillaria var. fritillaria
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