| name | Amanita esculenta |
| name status | nomen acceptum |
| author | Hongo & I. Matsuda |
| english name | "Esculent Slender Caesar" |
| images |
 1. Amanita exculenta, Sichuan Prov., China.  2. Amanita exculenta, Sichuan Prov., China. |
| intro | The following description is based on recently collected Chinese material: |
| cap | The cap is 50 - 100 mm wide, convex to applanate, and is only slightly umbonate; it is blackish brown to fuliginous when young, becoming dark brown, dark gray to gray when mature. The cap appears to have radially innate fibrils and usually lacks any remains of a volva. The cap''s margin is short-striate (occupying about 10% of the radius)). The cap flesh is white. |
| gills |
The gills of this species are free to subfree, white to cream-colored, and have dark gray edges; the short gills truncate. |
| stem | The stem is 90 - 120 × 8 - 20 mm, subcylindric or slightly narrowing upward, grayish above the ring and whitish to grayish below it, and hollow. A ring is placed high on the stem; the ring is membranous and has an upper surface that is gray to blackish and striate. The lower surface of the ring is grayish and fibrillose. The stem is attached just at its base to a membranous sac-like volva that is white and 30 - 50 × 20 - 30 mm and is 2 - 4 mm thick. |
| spores |
Spores of the Chinese collection measure (9.5) 10.0-12.0 × (7.0) 7.5-9.0 µm and are ellipsoid (occasionally broadly ellipsoid) and inamyloid; there are clamps at bases of basidia. |
| discussion |
The following description is based on the original description by Matsuda and Hongo (1955).
The cap of A. esculenta is 40 - 80 mm wide, dark red-brown ("bistre" to "snuff brown"), hemispheric at first, then convex, then plano-convex, sometimes with a slight depression in the center, viscid when moist, smooth, with a slightly striate margin. The volva is absent or present as a few sprinkled volval fragments. The flesh is white, rather thin, excepted above the stem. The gills are free, subcrowded, white, broadest at the center, narrow at the two ends, with a gray edge. The stem is 60 - 90 × 6 - 13 mm, narrowing upward, pale gray above the ring and striate, ash gray below and fibrillose-squamulose below the ring, hollow. The ring is ash-gray, membranous, placed well above the middle of the stem to near the top of the stem, striate above, floccose below, skirt-like, and persistent. The volva at the stem base is white, membranous, with a significant free limb, and attached to the stem on the sides as well as the base (according to illustration of young material). The spores measure 10.5 - 14 × 7 - 8.5 µm and are ellipsoid to elongate and inamyloid. Clamps are present at base of basidia. This species was originally described from pine woods in the prefecture of Niigata, Japan. It is also known from Sichuan Prov., China. ZLY has reviewed the collection of A. esculenta that is deposited in the National Science University herbarium in Tokyo; it is not the type, which may be lost. Amanita esculenta is assignable to stirps Hemibapha in which, it is rather closely related to A. hunanensis Y. B. Peng & L. H. Liu and A. yuaniana Zhu. L. Yang; however the latter pair have light-colored spots on their caps. The authors compare the present species to A. spreta (Peck) Sacc.; however, that North American species belongs in Amanita stirps Caesarea.—Z. L. Yang, R. E. Tulloss, and L. Possiel |
| brief editors | RET |
| name | Amanita esculenta | ||||||||
| author | Hongo & I. Matsuda in I. Matsuda & Hongo. 1955. J. Jap. Bot. 30(5): 148. | ||||||||
| name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||
| english name | "Esculent Slender Caesar" | ||||||||
| MycoBank nos. | 292448 | ||||||||
| GenBank nos. |
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| holotypes | originally in herb. Univ. Shiga, now reportedly lost | ||||||||
| lectotypes | One syntype is known to exist in TNS. | ||||||||
| selected illustrations | Imazeki and Hongo. 1987. Color. Illus. Mushr. Japan 1: 122, pl. 29 (fig. 209). | ||||||||
| intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material is derived from the protolog of the present species. | ||||||||
| pileus | from protolog: 40 - 80 mm wide, fuligineous-umbrinus (Bister or Snuff Brown), hemispheric, then convex, sometimes slight depressed over disc, viscid when moist; context white, not very thick; margin lightly short-striate; universal veil usually absent, sometimes as patch or patches. | ||||||||
| lamellae | from protolog: free, subcrowded, white, subventricose, with edge gray; lamellulae not described. | ||||||||
| stipe | from protolog: 60 - 90 × 6 - 13 mm, ash-gray below partial veil, fibrillose squamulose, narrowing upward, with pale grayish striations above partial veil; context hollow; partial veil ash-gray, membranous, superior or subdistant, striate above, floccose below, persistent, sometimes tearing during expansion (per figure); universal veil as saccate volva, "semifree," membranous, ample, with limbus internus not shown in figure, attached near stipe base but not only at stipe base (per figure). | ||||||||
| odor/taste | from protolog: Odor lacking. Taste not recorded. | ||||||||
| macrochemical tests |
from protolog: EDIBLE. | ||||||||
| pileipellis |
from protolog: gelatinized. from revision of paratype by ZLY: clamps plentiful. | ||||||||
| pileus context | from protolog: "homogeneous, inamyloid." | ||||||||
| lamella trama | from protolog: bilateral, inamyloid. | ||||||||
| subhymenium |
not described. from revision of paratype by ZLY: not rehydratable. | ||||||||
| basidia | from protolog: 30 - 55 × 12 - 14 μm, 4-sterigmate; clamps present. | ||||||||
| universal veil | not described. | ||||||||
| stipe context | not described. | ||||||||
| partial veil | not described. | ||||||||
| lamella edge tissue | not described. | ||||||||
| basidiospores |
from protolog: [-/-/-] 10.5 - 14 × 7 - 8.5 μm, (est. Q = 1.45 - 1.65; est. Q' = 1.58), hyaline, smooth, inamyloid, ellipsoid to elongate; apiculus sublateral (per figure); contents monoguttulate; white in deposit. [Note: A conservative estimate of the range of Q is provided so that a sporograph can be generated.—ed.] from revision of syntype by ZLY: [26/1/1] 9.5 - 11.5 × (6.5-) 7.0 - 8.0 (-8.5) um, ( | ||||||||
| ecology | from protolog: Gregarious. On sandy soil in Pinus woods. | ||||||||
| material examined | from protolog: JAPAN: HONSHU—Niigata-ko - Shunji-mura, 3.xi.1953 unkn. coll. s.n. (paratype, in herb. Univ. Shiga => ??, possibly lost), 15.vi.1954 T. Hongo 981 (paratype, in herb. Univ. Shiga => TNS F-237541), 16.x.1954 T. Hongo 1066 (holotype, in herb. Univ. Shiga => ??, not found in TNS and said to be lost, not listed in TNS by Doi (1991)). | ||||||||
| discussion |
from protolog: "This species is said to be a good edible mushroom in the vicinity of Niigata under the name 'Dôshin.'" This species was originally described from pine woods in the prefecture of Niigata, Japan. It is also known from Sichuan Prov., China.& ZLY has reviewed the collection of A. esculenta that is deposited in the National Science University herbarium in Tokyo (TNS) as reported above. This collection packet bears the collection date of one of the paratypes of the species. The packet contains a note in Japanese saying that the holotype collection has been lost. ZLY's notes on the single basidiome of the revised paratype follow: This collection consists of a single basidiome. The pileus is 4.5 cm wide, dark brown, without any white or whitish spots; its margin is short striate (0.09 - 0.17R). The stipe is 7 × 0.5 - 1 cm, attenuate upwards; the annulus is present 2.5 - 3 cm below the apex of the stipe; the volva is whitish, thin to very thin, 1.5 - 2 cm high. The material does not rehydrate well.At present, Amanita esculenta appears rather closely related to A. hunanensis Y. B. Peng & L. H. Liu and A. yuaniana Zhu. L. Yang; however the latter pair have (respectively) dark- or light-colored spots on their caps. Hongo and Matsuda compare the present species to A. spreta (Peck) Sacc.; however, that North American species has a thicker subhymenium as in species Tulloss assigned to his Amanita stirps Caesarea. | ||||||||
| citations | —R. E. Tulloss and Z. L. Yang | ||||||||
| editors | RET | ||||||||
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Spore data sets and their composite
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