name | Amanita cahokiana |
name status | nomen provisorum |
author | Tulloss and Sanchez-Ramírez |
english name | "Cahokia Slender Caesar" |
images |
1. Amanita cahokiana, Mingo Nat. Wildlife Preserve, Ouachita Nat. For., Stoddard Co., Missouri, U.S.A. (RET 450-8) 2. Amanita cahokiana, Mingo Nat. Wildlife Refuge, Ouachita Nat. For., Stoddard Co., Missouri, U.S.A. (RET 450-8) 3. Amanita cahokiana, Lake Sylvia National Recreational Area, ca. border of Perry and Saline Counties, Arkansas, U.S.A. (RET 436-7) 4. Amanita cahokiana, Graysville, Sullivan Co., Indiana, U.S.A. (RET 517-4) |
intro | For the time being, please see the technical tab of this page for developing data. |
spores | The spores of this mushroom measure (7.0-) 7.6 - 10.0 (-12.9) × (5.9-) 6.1 - 7.4 (-8.4) μm and are inamyloid and broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid (infrequently elongate). Clamps are present at bases of many basidia. |
discussion | All the material assigned to this taxon was originally placed in A. arkansana and was segregated from that species through molecular research of Santiago Sanchez-Ramírez.—R. E. Tulloss |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita cahokiana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
author | Tulloss, Sánchez-Ramírez & N. R. Goldman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
name status | nomen provisorum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
english name | "Cahokia Slender Caesar" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
etymology |
honoring the archaeological site known as Cahokia. [Note: This archeological site is the largest in North America north of Central Mexico. In 1250 CE, the town on this site, with its massive main pyramidal mound was larger than the London of the time. The site's construction and artifacts are assigned to the Mississippian culture.] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GenBank nos. |
Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages.
These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.
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intro |
Olive text indicates a specimen
that has not been
thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic
details) and marks other places in the text
where data is missing or uncertain. The following material is based on notes and photographs of the cited collectors, molecular research of Santiago Sanchez-Ramírez, and additional original research by R. E. Tulloss. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamellae | yellow (at first) in mass; white in side view, at least at first with fimbriate yellow edge; lamellulae ??. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
stipe | up to 305+ mm tall. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
odor/taste | Odor faint and somewhat like "clean water." Taste mild and slightly bitter with astringent aftertaste. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
macrochemical tests |
none recorded. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamella edge tissue | sterile. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
basidiospores | RET & NRG: [110/5/3] (7.0-) 7.6 - 10.0 (-12.9) × (5.9-) 6.1 - 7.4 (-8.4) μm, (L = 8.3 - 9.5 μm; L' = 9.0 μm; W = 6.2 - 7.2 μm; W' = 6.8 μm; Q = (1.09-) 1.17 - 1.42 (-1.70); Q = 1.22 - 1.37; Q' = 1.31), colorless, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, inamyloid, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, infrequently elongate, often adaxially flattened, sometimes narrowed at one end; apiculus sublateral, cylindric; contents dominantly monoguttulae (with "oil drop" type guttule); white in deposit. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ecology | Solitary to scattered. Indiana: At 145 - 225 m elev. In mixed hardwood forest with Fagus grandifolia. Missouri: In bottomland mixed hardwood forest. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
material examined |
U.S.A.:
ARKANSAS—Unkn. Co. - Lk. Sylvia
Recreation Area, Ouachita Nat. For., ca. Paron,
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discussion |
The collections collected to here to define the
species concept of A. cahokiana were all
originally attributed to a unknown species of sect.
Caesareae or assigned (usually with a
comment or
question mark) to A.
arkansana. The two species have
overlapping ranges, which increases the possibility
of confusion. The center of the cap is distinctly orange in A. arkansana while more of a yellow-orange in A. cahokiana. The partial veil of A. arkansana is white, while that of the present species is pale yellow; also the stipe and its decoration in the present species are more intensely yellow (at least at first) than in A. arkansana. In the present species, covering the inner ends of the marginal striations, there is often a zone the pigment of which is darker than the pigmentation of zones on either side of the region. Such a zone is lacking in A. arkansana. While sample size is still small, spore size and shape do not seem to be characters that strongly differentiate the two species. The following figure provides the current comparison sporograph of A. arkansana and A. cahokiana: The single specimen comprising Justice AR-AM-7 appears to be immature (dried near the start of sporulation, much of the hymenium is not yet bearing spores). For this reason, spores were measured from around the mid-point of a lamella and from the quarter of a lamella nearest to the stipe. Little difference in the shape, and only slightly greater difference in distribution of lengths, were observed in the sets of spores from the two gill locations. The sporograph for the single collection corresponds to what would be expected from a sporograph of incompletely matured lamellae or overly mature lamellae. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
citations | —R. E. Tulloss, S. Sanchez-Ramírez and N. R. Goldman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Information to support the viewer in reading the content of "technical" tabs can be found here.
name | Amanita cahokiana |
name status | nomen provisorum |
author | Tulloss and Sanchez-Ramírez |
english name | "Cahokia Slender Caesar" |
images |
1. Amanita cahokiana, Mingo Nat. Wildlife Preserve, Ouachita Nat. For., Stoddard Co., Missouri, U.S.A. (RET 450-8) 2. Amanita cahokiana, Mingo Nat. Wildlife Refuge, Ouachita Nat. For., Stoddard Co., Missouri, U.S.A. (RET 450-8) 3. Amanita cahokiana, Lake Sylvia National Recreational Area, ca. border of Perry and Saline Counties, Arkansas, U.S.A. (RET 436-7) 4. Amanita cahokiana, Graysville, Sullivan Co., Indiana, U.S.A. (RET 517-4) |
photo |
Jay Justice - (1-2) Mingo National Wildlife
Preserve, Ouachita National Forest, Stoddard County,
Missouri, U.S.A. (RET 450-8) (3) Lake Sylvia National Recreational Area, ca. border of Perry and Saline Counties, Arkansas, U.S.A. (RET 436-7) Patrick Harvey - (4) Graysville, Sullivan County, Indiana, U.S.A. (RET 517-4) [Note: Original image can be found on www.mushroomobserver.org observation #110771.] |
Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.