Amanita ameripanthera - Amanitaceae.org - Taxonomy and Morphology of Amanita and Limacella

[print] [map]

name	Amanita ameripanthera
name status	nomen provisorum
author	Tulloss, J. Lindgr., Kudzma, S. D. Russell, Haelew. & Geml
english name	North American Panther
images	1. Amanita ameripanthera, diverse cap colors and with a gemmatoid pair on the left, San Francisco, San Francisco Co., California, USA. (RET 174-10) 2. Amanita ameripanthera, pallid form, Sugar Pine Lk., Placer Co., California, USA. (RET 869-5) 3. Amanit sp-C17, Bon Tempe Lake, Marin Co., California, U.S.A. (RET 387-10) 4. Amanit sp-C17, Bon Tempe Lake, Marin Co., California, U.S.A. (RET 387-10) 5. Amanit sp-C17, warts, Bon Tempe Lake, Marin Co., California, U.S.A. (RET 387-10)
cap	The cap of Amanita ameripanthera is 54–91 mm wide, tan to brown to dark brown or pale grayish brown at first and fading or becoming brassier, parabolic to convex to planoconvex to planar, viscid and shiny when wet. The cap's flesh is mostly white and yellowish tan under the cap's skin. The cap flesh doesn't change color when cut or bruised. The margin is very faintly to shallowly striate, downcurved at first, and sometimes has a short sterile extension beyond the ends of the gills. The volva takes the form of felted warts and patches that are off-white to pale tan and darken with age; these remnants are flattened and very finely warted (use 10× lens) and are easily lost.
gills	The gills of Amanita ameripanthera are free to narrowly attached, sometimes with faint decurrent lines on the top of the stem. They are close to crowded, off-white in mass, white to off-white or faintly grayish in side view, and unchanging when cut or bruised. The short gills are squarely cut off, sometimes with a narrow tooth along the underside of the cap.
stem	The stem is 54 – 90 × 10⁺ – 20 mm, white, becoming slightly brown from handling and sometimes silky fibrillose. The stem's bulb is 24 – 31 × 21 – 33 mm and ovoid or turnip-shaped (pointed below). The stem's flesh is off-white, unchanging when cut or bruised, stuffed with firm white material. The membranous, white ring is skirt-like and connected near the mid-stem. The volva is off-white to white and present as a short ring of tissue around the stem's base—suggesting a collar or "rolled sock" of tissue—or as a short free limb (several mm high in dried specimens and standing out around the stem's base) on the top of the bulb.
odor/taste	The odor has not been recorded. The taste is pleasant, according to persons poisoned by ingesting this taxon. POISONOUS.
spores	The spores of this species measure (8.8–) 9.8–14.2 (–16.5) × (5.5–) 6.5–9.2 (–11.0) µm and are inamyloid and ellipsoid to elongate or (occasionally) broadly ellipsoid. Clamps are absent from the bases of basidia.
discussion	The present species is frequently found with conifers in western North America (for example, Fir, Pine, Spruce, and Douglas Fir); in some cases, other trees (such as Alder, Aspen, and Oak) may be present where this mushroom is collected. One instance is known of A. ameripanthera occurring in a pure stand of imported Eucalyptus. The northernmost recorded specimen came from British Columbia. The known limits of distribution to the south are California and Idaho. The species could well be found outside the current known range. Suitable habitat occurs in montane regions west of the North American Great Plains. However, the newly recognized A. tlaxcalipanthera may also be present as far north as Colorado. In North American literature, for many years, the present species was confused with the European A. pantherina.—R. E. Tulloss & J. E. Lindgren
brief editors	RET

name

Amanita ameripanthera

author

Tulloss, J. Lindgr., Kudzma, S. D. Russell, Haelew. & Geml

name status

nomen provisorum

english name

North American Panther

etymology

elision of “America” with panthera, "panther"; hence, “American Panther Amanita”

GenBank nos.

Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages. These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.

accession	locus	voucher	source
MT406081	nrLSU	30.iv.1990 J. E. Lindgren s.n. [Tulloss 4-30-90-JEL1] (RET 014-8)	S. D Russell, Purdue Univ.
MT406067	nrITS-LSU	18.viii.1991 R. E. Tulloss 8-18-91-W (RET 701-3)	S. D Russell, Purdue Univ.
MT406072	nrITS-LSU	(RET 868-1)	S. D Russell, Purdue Univ.
MT406080	nrITS-LSU	27-28.iv.2009 Sue Aberle s.n. [J. E. Lindgren 09002] (RET 684RET-10)	S. D Russell, Purdue Univ.
MT427832	nrITS	30.iv.1990 J. E. Lindgren s.n. [Tulloss 4-30-90-JEL1] (RET 014-8)	S. D. Russell, Purdue Univ.
MT406069	nrITS-LSU	ii or iii.2008 Dimitar Bojantchev s.n. (RET 423-1)	S. D Russell, Purdue Univ.
MT406075	nrITS	5.ix.2008 Kathy Richmond s.n. [NAMA 2008-180] (RET 423-9)	J. Geml et al., Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden
HQ539707	nrLSU	21.i.2005 Ron Pastorino 1-21-05E (RET 387-10)	B. Wolfe et al., Pringle Lab., Harvard
MT406077	nrLSU	5.ix.2008 Kathy Richmond s.n. [NAMA 2008-180] (RET 423-9)	S. D. Russell, Purdue Univ.
MT406076	nrLSU	5.ix.2008 Kathy Richmond s.n. [NAMA 2008-180] (RET 423-9)	J. Geml et al., Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden
MT406068	nrITS-LSU	6.iii.1982 Larry Stickney, David C., Mark H. & R. E. Tulloss et al. 3-6-82-A (RET 174-10)	S. D Russell, Purdue Univ.
MT406071	nrLSU	5.vi.1990 J. & W. Caruthers s.n. [J. E. Lindgren 90-16] (RET 014-7)	S. D Russell, Purdue Univ.
MT406079	nrITS	2.iii.1989 John Feci & R. E. Tulloss 3-2-89-E (RET 042-3)	L. V. Kudzma, Annandale, NJ
MT406073	nrLSU	14.ii.1998 coll. unkn., s.n. [Tulloss 2-14-98-A] (RET 274-9)	J. Geml et al., Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden
MT421963	nrITS	2.iii.1989 J. Feci s.n. (RET 042-1)	J. Geml et al., Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden
MT406070	nrITS-LSU	10.v.2019 Ron Pastorino 5-10-19A (RET 869-5)	S. D Russell, Purdue Univ.
HQ540019	mtLSU	21.i.2005 Ron Pastorino 1-21-05E (RET 387-10)	B. Wolfe et al., Pringle Lab., Harvard
MT421964	nrITS	3.i.1987 Barry Silver s.n. [Tulloss 1-3-87-BS2] (RET 091-10)	J. Geml et al., Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden
MT445432	nrITS-LSU	21.i.2005 Ron Pastorino 1-21-05E (RET 387-10)	S. D. Russell, Purdue Univ.
HQ539811	nrSSU	21.i.2005 Ron Pastorino 1-21-05E (RET 387-10)	B. Wolfe et al., Pringle Lab., Harvard
MT421962	nrITS	6.iii.1982 David C., Mark H. & R. E. Tulloss & Mycol. Soc. San Francisco foray participants 3-6-82-B (RET 173-10)	J. Geml et al., Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden
HQ539918	mtSSU	21.i.2005 Ron Pastorino 1-21-05E (RET 387-10)	B. Wolfe et al., Pringle Lab., Harvard
MT406074	nrITS	14.ii.1998 coll. unkn., s.n. [Tulloss 2-14-98-A] (RET 274-9)	J. Geml et al., Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden
MT406078	nrLSU	27.iii.1992 Catherine Ardrey 1779 (RET 047-5)	S. D. Russell, Purdue Univ.

intro

The following text may make multiple use of each data field.

The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material.

The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate.

Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain.

The following material is based on materials, notes, and photographs of the persons listed in the "material examined" data field (below); molecular results are the work of Linas Kudzma (Annandale, NJ) and Stephen Russell et al. (Purdue Univ.); other original research is by R. E. Tulloss and Janet E. Lindgren.

pileus

54–91 mm wide, nearly cream to pale tan to light gray-brown to tan to brown to dark brown (2.5YR3/4-6, 10YR7/4-6, 2.5YR3/4), convex to planoconvex to planar, glabrous, viscid and shiny when wet; context white, sometimes watersoaked above lamellae, yellowish tan under pileipellis, unchanging when cut or bruised, 9–15 mm thick at stipe, thinning evenly to margin; margin very faintly striate, downcurved at first, sometimes with short sterile extension beyond ends of lamellae; universal veil as felted warts (originally pyramidal) and patches, white to off-white at first then cream to pale tan, darkening with age, becoming flattened, very finely verruculose (lens), detersile.

lamellae

free to narrowly adnate, sometimes with faint decurrent line on stipe apex, close to crowded, off-white in mass, white to off-white or faintly sordid in side view, unchanging when cut or bruised, 6–8 mm broad, with fimbriate edge; lamellulae truncate, sometimes with attenuate tooth, ??.

stipe

54–90 × 10⁺–20 mm, white, becoming slightly brown from handling, narrowing upward, flaring at apex, longitudinally striatulate, sometimes silky fibrillose; bulb 24–31 × 21–33 mm, ovoid, occasionally subnapiform (pointed below or with slight narrow radical), not so markedly distinct from stipe in age; context off-white, unchanging when cut or bruised, stuffed with firm white material, with central cylinder 2–6 mm wide, with larva tunnels concolorous; partial veil membranous, white, skirt-like, submedian, occasionally lost, usually collapsing on stipe; universal veil as short collar-like roll of tissue) at top of bulb, off-white to white.

odor/taste

Odor not recorded. Taste pleasant, according to persons poisoned by ingesting this taxon. POISONOUS.

macrochemical
tests

Spot test for tyrosinase (paracresol) - positive in pileipellis, surface of stipe, center of bulb context, much (not all) of stipe context after 13 min. in old specimen (Tulloss 1-3-87-BS2).

pileipellis

292 µm thick, with upper layer extensively gelatinized and 72 µm thick, with lower layer ungelatinized and 220 µm thick, with strongest pigmentation in 65–70 µm immediately below gelatinized layer; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae ?? µm wide, branching, densely interwoven, dominantly subradially arranged; vascular hyphae not observed, infrequent.

pileus context

not described.

lamella trama

bilateral, divergent; ??; subhymenial base having inflated cells up to 57 × 17.5 μm; clamps not obseved.

subhymenium

w_st-near = 30–45 µm and w_st-far = 50–65 µm (moderately inflated).

basidia

not described.

universal veil

On pileus: filamentous undifferentiated hyphae ??; inflated cells 48 - 82 × 26 -47 μm, color less to brown; vascular hyphae ??; clamps ??.

stipe context

longitudinally acrophysalidic.

partial veil

not described.

lamella edge tissue

sterile.

anatomical figures

basidiospores

send to graphing tool

[80/4/2] (8.8–) 9.5–12.0 (–12.8) × (5.5–) 6.5–9.2 (–10.5) µm, (L = 10.3–11.3 µm; L’ = 10.8 µm; W = 6.9 - 7.6 µm; W’ = 7.2 µm; Q = (1.28–) 1.35–1.68 (–1.77); Q = 1.43–1.59; Q’ = 1.49), hyaline, colorless, thin-walled, smooth, inamyloid, ellipsoid to elongate, occasionally broadly ellipsoid, sometimes lachrimiform, occasionally somewhat flattened adaxially; apiculus sublateral, cylindric; contents monoguttulate; probably white in deposit.

ecology

Subgregarious. California: At 25 to ?? m elev. Under ?? or under Pinus and Quercus agrifolia or under Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (not endemic). Idaho: At 1910 m elev. Under Abies, Picea, and Pinus ponderosa. Oregon: ??. Washington: Under introduced Cedrus deodara or ??.

material examined

U.S.A.: CALIFORNIA—Contra Costa Co. - Hercules, prop. D. Bojantchev, 2007 Dimitar Bojantchev s.n. (RET 418-9, nrITS & nrLSU seq'd.), ii or iii.2008 Dimitar Bojantchev s.n. (RET 423-1, nrITS & nrLSU seq'd.). Los Angeles Co. - Santa Monica Mtns., Malibu Cyn., Tapia Co. Pk., 3.i.1987 Barry Silver s.n. [Tulloss 1-3-87-BS??] (RET ??); Santa Monica Mtns., Stunt Cyn., 3.i.1987 Barry Silver s.n. [Tulloss 1-3-87-BS2] (RET 091-10, nrITS seq'd.). Marin Co. - Bon Tempe Lk., 21.i.2005 Ron Pastorino 1-21-05E (RET 387-10, multiple genes seq'd.). Monterey Co. - Asilomar Conf. Ctr. [36.6203° N/ 121.9364° W, 25 m], 14.ii.1998 coll. unkn., s.n. [Tulloss 2-14-98-A] (RET 274-9, nrITS & nrLSU seq'd.). Orinda Co. - Briones Overlook staging area, 2.ii.2011 Mike McCurdy B-M-A008 (RET 656-4, nrITS seq'd.); unkn. loc., 25.i.2011 Mike McCurdy B-M-A 001 (RET 655-10 nrITS seq'd.). Placer Co. - Sugar Pine Lk. [39.1302° N/ 120.790° W, 1119 m], 10.v.2019 Ron Pastorino 5-10-19A [mushroomobserver #366221} (RET 869-5, nrITS-LSU seq'd.). Santa Cruz Co. - Aptos Hills, S border of Aptos, 2.iii.1989 John Feci & R. E. Tulloss 3-2-89-E (RET 042-3. nrITS seq'd.); Aptos Hills, N border of Watsonville, 2.iii.1989 J. Feci s.n. [Tulloss 3-2-89-H] (RET 042-1, nrITS seq'd.). San Francisco Co. - San Francisco, Land’s End, 6.iii.1982 David C., Mark H. & R. E. Tulloss & Mycol. Soc. San Francisco foray participants 3-6-82-A (RET 174-10, nrITS-LSU seq'd.), -B (RET 173-10, nrITS seq'd.), -C (RET 174-9). IDAHO—Valley Co. - Payette Nat. For., ca. McCall, Brundage Reservoir [45°3.331" N/ 116°6.726" W], 5.ix.2008 Kathy Richmond s.n. [NAMA 2008-180] (F; RET 423-9, nrITS seq'd.). OREGON—Coos Co. - Coos Co. For., Seven Devils area, 27.iii.1992 Catherine Ardrey 1779 (RET 047-5, nrITS & nrLSU seq'd.). Washington Co. - Portland, NW Leahy Road, 27.iv.2009 Richard Tullis s.n. [Janet E. Lindgren 09001] (RET 684-5). WASHINGTON—Clark Co. - Vancouver, Ellen Davis Tr., 30.iv.1990 J. E. Lindgren s.n. [Tulloss 4-30-90-JEL1] (RET 014-8, nrITS & nrLSU seq'd.); Vancouver, NE 75th St., 27-28.iv.2009 Sue Aberle s.n. [J. E. Lindgren 09002] (RET 684-10, ITS & nrLSU seq'd.). Thurston Co. - Lacey, LOTT Hawk Prairie Satellite [47.0741° N/ 122.767° W, 63 m], 18.iv.2019 Drew T. Hendersson s.n. [mushroomobserver #364195] (RET 868-1, nrITS-LSU seq'd.). Unkn. Co. - unkn. loc., 5.vi.1990 J. & W. Caruthers s.n. [J. E. Lindgren 90-16] (RET 014-7, nrLSU seq'd.), 7.vi.1990 Janet E. Lindgren 90-20 (RET 015-3, nrLSU seq'd.).

[NOTE: See also Thiers 32154 (SFSU).]

Additional possible reports of “A. ameripanthera” come from: CANADA: BRITISH COLUMBIA—Vancouver, 1.vii.1959 R. J. Bandoni 494 (UBC). U.S.A.: CALIFORNIA—Mendocino Co. - unkn. loc., 18.xi.1961 Thiers 882 (SFSU); Trinidad, 5.vii.1935 A. H. Smith 3831 (MICH). San Mateo Co. - Pacifica, 21.viii.1976 S. Pollock 1325 (DTJ),13223 (DTJ); unkn. loc., 5.ii.1965 Thiers 12170 (SFSU). Sierra Co. - unkn. loc.?, s.d.? W. J. Sundberg and G. Breckon 356 (SFSU). WASHINGTON—Unkn. Co. - Olympic Mtns., 2.xii.1941 A. H. Smith 17515 (MICH).

[Doubtful: Ontario, Pembroke, 26.ix.1968 E. J. Klatt and J. W. Groves 124783 (DAOM, ?doubtful determination?).]

discussion

under development

The spores of Amanita ameripanthera are narrower and larger than those of the European entity to which it has been referred for decades in western North America. The existence of the morphological treatment on this page has had very little effect on the common application of "A. pantherina" to the present species; however, hopefully, the addition of genetic data will motivate change.

A comparison of sporographs for A. pantherina and the present species follows:

The following image provides a sporograph comparison of the present species with A. tlaxcalipanthera:

RET 387-10 was originally misidentified as A. magniverrucata and this error led to its being sampled for molecular study by Wolfe et al. (2012), who reported their sequencing results under that name originally.

The present species has been treated in the past under the following temporary codes: Amanita sp-C17 and A. sp-NW01.

citations

—R. E. Tulloss & J. E. Lindgren

editors

RET

Information to support the viewer in reading the content of "technical" tabs can be found here.

Spore data for collections
provisionally identified as: Amanita ameripanthera Tulloss, J. Lindgr., Kudzma, S. D. Russell, Haelew. & Geml

Spore data sets and their composite

Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.

basidiospore definition

Spore Measurements by Collection

[top]