Amanita fulva North American

Presently known from the Providence of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, where it has been found both on the Island of Newfoundland and in southeastern Labrador with Abies balsamea and Betula papyrifera, sometimes with Picea glauca in addition.

This species was formerly known in these pages as A. daimonioctantes in these pages; however, independent genetic studies by Dr. Landry (Mycol. Soc. Québec) and the present authors, have that the North American material is likely to belong this well-established species known from Eurasia.

See also Amanita sp-NFL02 and Amanita sp-NFL08.

Sometimes an accidental event in nature performs a very useful dissection on behalf of the taxonomist: In the images 2 and 3, above, much of the volval limb was pulled from the stem base during expansion of the fruiting body, one end of the limbus internus remained attached to the part of the limb that was ripped upward.  In consequence, note the silky underside of the membrane that continues to connect a line on the inside of the displaced volva to a point at about midstipe (image 2).  The upper side of the membranous connection (image 3) bears friable bits of orangish white limbus internus.—R. E. Tulloss and L. V. Kudzma

• a usually paler pileus
• a proportionately larger and felted (rather than membranous) limbus internus of the universal veil connected to the main volval limb at its base instead of connected to the inner surface of the main limb some distance above its base
• a very shallow cellular subhymenium
• inflated cells in the universal veil with thickened walls
• a distinct gelatinized suprapellis of the pileipellis
• vascular hyphae that are rather common in the pileipellis.

Occasionally, the upper stipe (rather than the lower stipe) of Eurasian A. fulva may have a coat of flocculence.  This is known from robust basidiomes and appears to occur when much of the mass of inflated cells that allow separation of lamellae edges from the stipe are deposited on the latter during expansion of the fruiting body.  Hence, this stipe decoration is different from that in the present North American population both in origin during development and in ultimate position on the stipe.

A felted limbus internus is a common character in stirpes Caesarea and Hemibapha of Amanita subsect. Caesareae.  In these species (e.g., A. caesarea (Scop.) Pers. and A. jacksonii Pomerl.), the ragged, colored material that decorates the stipes originates from a felted extension of a short membranous to fleshy limbus internus.